Manish Mehta(MRM)

Carboxylic acids are the compound of carbonyl gps. The acidity of carboxylic acid is basically due to the presence of two oxygen atoms which allow the –ve charge to disperse equally over them and hence the resonating structure also plays vital role in stability of carboxylate ion. Carboxylic acids are known to exists in two forms like aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid, i f the COOH gp is attached with “R” gp then it will be aliphatic acid and if “Ar” gp then aromatic acid. The chemistry of both are different if we are talking about the acidity of aliphatic acid then the presence of alkyl gp ensures the acidity of given carboxylic acid is higher or lower. Effect of substituent on the acidity of Aliphatic Acids… The presence of different gps affects the acidity of aliphatic acid most commonly; • Effect of alkyl gp; When  the alkyl gp is being attached with COOH then the generated carboxylate ion usually have higher –ve charge value this ultimately decreases the acidity of car...

Here are some layout for carbonyl carbon  reactions. Although the reactivity seems to be different but still the the conditions are quite different for ketones and hence the products formed by the reaction between ketone and derrivatives of ammonia shows different products.

Toluene is the substituted product of Benzene. And with the attachment of alkyl group the electron charge density over the ring and this ultimately allow the benzene ring to attach more and more electron loving group over them specially over ortho and para positions. Out off ortho and para position para is most stable one and the spectroscopy study will also supports this product.

Benzene is considered as aromatic hydrocarbon. It us known to contain two pie electron clouds one lying above and other below the plane of the ring. As compared to sigma-electrons these pie electrons are loosely held and hence easily avialable to electrophiles.  Actually benzene is acting as source of electrons and attracts electrophiles. This is the main reason behind most of the electrophilic substitutions will occur over benzene ring quite easily.

Interpretation of electrophilic attack over benzene ring. 

Absolute scale of temperature define a specific state of a matter at which the volume of the gas becomes zero. Although it is a hypothetical concept. But on extrapollating the graph between volume and temperature we can configure this. This is exactly like if we breathe out in such arena ever all will freezes out immediately. And this state is also supports the third law of thermodynamics.