Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are the compound of carbonyl gps. The acidity of carboxylic acid is basically due to the presence of two oxygen atoms which allow the –ve charge to disperse equally over them and hence the resonating structure also plays vital role in stability of carboxylate ion.
Carboxylic acids are known to exists in two forms like aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid, if the COOH gp is attached with “R” gp then it will be aliphatic acid and if “Ar” gp then aromatic acid. The chemistry of both are different if we are talking about the acidity of aliphatic acid then the presence of alkyl gp ensures the acidity of given carboxylic acid is higher or lower.
Effect of substituent on the acidity of Aliphatic Acids…
The presence of different gps affects the acidity of aliphatic acid most commonly;
• Effect of alkyl gp; When  the alkyl gp is being attached with COOH then the generated carboxylate ion usually have higher –ve charge value this ultimately decreases the acidity of carboxylic acid. Therefore the order of acidity will be; HCOOH > CH3COOH > C2H5COOH etc … Here the presence of big size alkyl gp decreases the acidity.
• Effect of EWG ; when the electron withdrawing gp is being attached with the aliphatic acid then the stability of generated carboxylate ion increases and this in turn increases the acidity by lowering the value of –ve charge over it. Ex; ClCH2COOH is more acidic than HCOOH. Moreover higher the number of EWG attached more will be the stability of given acid. Therefore Cl3CCOOH is most acidic than corresponding chlorocarboxylic acids.


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